Paleoecology grand challenge

Paleoecology grand challenge

Exactly 50 years ago, in 1964, a landmark article whose two-word title, “Strong inference,” revealed little and evoked plenty, appeared in the hallowed pages of Science (Platt, 1964). Simply stated, Platt’s view of scientific research in its highest form proceeds through three steps: development of alternative hypotheses; design of crucial experiments to exclude one or more hypotheses; executio...

The Verification Grand Challenge

This paper overviews the Verification Grand Challenge, a large scale multinational intiative designed to significantly increase the interoperability, applicability and uptake of formal development techniques. Results to date are reviewed, and next steps are outlined.

Neonatology Specialty Grand Challenge

Historically, though high infant mortality rates were recognized by the British medical community at least as early as the 1860s, the advent of neonatal intensive care is relatively recent. In 1898, Dr. Joseph B. De Lee (1) established the first premature infant incubator station at the Chicago, Illinois Lying-in Hospital. The first American textbook on prematurity was published in 1922 (2). It...

A Grand Challenge

The Hydrogen Grand Challenge

More than 90% of the world’s growing energy demand is satisfied by fossil fuels (BP Statistical Review ..., 2015)1. One consequence of the unrestrained use of this technology is the continuous increase of the CO2 level of the atmosphere2. There are also the challenges associated with the limitations of the corresponding resources (Hubbert, 1956; BP Statistical Review ..., 2015). Climate change ...